urine specific gravity urine sample testing
Specimen containers illustrate urine specific gravity testing and urine concentration.

Urine Specific Gravity High or Low: What the Result Means

Urine specific gravity estimates how concentrated urine is. Results can vary with fluid intake, medication use, and health conditions, and should be read alongside the rest of a urinalysis.

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Laboratory testing illustrating the urine albumin creatinine ratio
A medical laboratory image illustrates testing of the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio.

Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (uACR): What the Test Means

What does a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio mean? Learn uACR categories, repeat tests, diabetes and kidney risk, and next steps.

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Low albumin blood test: clinician reviews a patient's health record during consultation
A low albumin result is interpreted with symptoms and other blood and urine tests.

Low Albumin on a Blood Test: Do You Need More Protein?

Low albumin on a blood test can reflect more than protein intake. Learn why blood and urine albumin differ, possible causes and useful next questions.

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Laboratory microscope illustrating the protein in urine guide to testing and follow-up.
Laboratory microscope used to illustrate urine-protein testing.

Protein in Urine: What It Means and What to Do Next

Protein in urine does not always mean chronic kidney disease, but persistent results deserve attention. Learn what causes it, how UACR helps and what to do next.

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